Plant Cell And Tissue Culture

Description

In plants, the processes of differentiation and specialisation allow groups of cells that are structurally or functionally distinct to form tissues that have specific functions. Tissues composed of only one type of cell are called simple tissues, while those made up of two or more types of cells are called complex tissues. Parenchyma and collenchyma are simple tissues; xylem, phloem, and epidermis are complex tissues. Tissues can also be grouped into tissue systems and in plants these are ground tissue, vascular tissue and dermal tissue. Ground tissue is made up of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. Vascular tissue system consists of the two conducting tissues– xylem and phloem. Dermal tissue comprises the epidermis: pavement cells, guard cells, and trichomes.
A plant cell is bounded by a cell wall and the living portion of the cell is within the walls and is divided into two portions: the nucleus or central control centre; and the cytoplasm – a fluid in which membrane bound organelles are found. Between the primary cell walls of adjacent plant cells lies a pectic middle lamella. There can be a secondary cell wall which would be located just to the inside of the primary wall. Both walls consist mainly of cellulose, but the secondary cell wall may contain lignin and other substances.
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